Scientific Studies On
The Effect Of Pheromones
Abstracts of
controlled studies showing a relationship between supplemental pheromone
use and human behavior.
Title: Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in men.
Author: Cutler WB; Friedmann E; McCoy NL
Address: Athena Institute for Women's Wellness Research, Chester
Springs, Pennsylvania 19425, USA.
Source: Arch Sex Behav, 27(1):1-13 1998 Feb
Abstract: This study tested whether synthesized human male
pheromones increase the sociosexual behavior of men. Thirty-eight
heterosexual men, ages 26-42, completed a 2-week baseline period and
6-week placebo-controlled, double-blind trial testing a pheromone
"designed to improve the romance in their lives." Each subject
kept daily behavioral records for 6 sociosexual behaviors:
petting/affection/kissing, formal dates, informal dates, sleeping next
to a romantic partner, sexual intercourse, and self-stimulation to
ejaculation (masturbation) and FAXed them each week. Significantly more
pheromone than placebo users increased above baseline in sexual
intercourse and sleeping with a romantic partner. There was a tendency
for more pheromone than placebo users to increase above baseline in
petting/affection/kissing, and informal dates, but not in
self-stimulation to ejaculation or in formal dates. A significantly
larger proportion of pheromone than placebo users increased in > or =
2 and > or = 3 of the 5 sociosexual behaviors involving a female
partner. Thus, there was a significant increase in male sociosexual
behaviors in which a woman's sexual interest and cooperation plays a
role but not in male masturbation which involves only the man. These
initial data need replication but suggest that human male pheromones
affected the sexual attractiveness of men to women.
Title: Battle of odors:
significance of pheromones for human reproduction]
Author: Grammer K; Jutte A
Address: Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut for Stadt-Ethologie, Wien,
Osterreich.
Source: Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch, 37(3):150-3 1997
Abstract: The significance of
odours for human reproduction is partially neglected by medical
sciences. Nevertheless, it can be shown that male pheromones (androstenol/androstenone)
from male sweat have a direct impact on female menstrual cycles and
ovulation. Furthermore, female pheromones (copulins), which are present
in vaginal secretions, influence male perception of females and may
induce hormonal changes in males. The mutual pheromonal influence
between the sexes is discussed as a result of sex-specific reproductive
interests which are a consequence of evolutionary constraints.
Source: University College, Department of Psychology, London,
England
Subjects: 76 male and female student volunteers Female subjects
were rated as to the number of social exchanges with males before and
after being given a brief exposure to the pheromone androstenol.
Results: significant increase in social exchanges after exposure
Source: Zoologist, Claus Wedekind, Switzerland
Subjects: 44 men and 49 women
Male subjects were given a t-shirt and instructed to wear it to bed on
two consecutive nights. The subjects were also given scentless soap and
other toilet articles and told to use them only. At the end of this
period all the t-shirts were put into boxes and rated by the women on
the basis of smell alone. Some boxes were filled with new t-shirts to
act as controls.
Results: Female subjects preferred the boxes containing t-shirts
that had been worn by males with dissimilar immune systems as rated by
MHC. Many women said that the smells reminded them of old boy-friends,
while shirts worn by men with similar immune systems reminded them of
male family members.
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